In some cases, when an insect begins feeding on a leaf the plant responds by activating a signaling
pathway that results in the production of ____, which disrupt an insect's capacity to digest proteins.
a. gibberellins
b. lipases
c. chitinases
d. protease inhibitors
e. cytokinins
D
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Despite the invariance of the peptidoglycan backbone's structure, there are more than 100 different types of peptidoglycan
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Which of the following techniques can link prokaryotic phylogeny and function?
A) DAPI staining B) stable isotope probing C) environmental genomics D) environmental genomics and stable isotope probing
As recently as the 1980s, the medical establishment believed ulcers to be caused by stress and an increase in gastric acidity. How has the current understanding of ulcer development changed patient treatment?
A. There is no treatment for ulcers, then or now. B. Antibiotics are now used to treat ulcers. C. Different foods are now suggested for patients having ulcers. D. Doctors now give their patients sedatives to calm patients with ulcers.
The complement cascade can be activated by binding to
A) natural killer cells only. B) antibodies attached to bacterial cells only. C) carbohydrates present on bacterial cells only. D) either carbohydrates or antibodies on bacterial cells. E) either natural killer cells or carbohydrates on bacterial cells.