As a researcher interested in young children's motivation to read, Cynthia works as a volunteer in a pre-kindergarten setting for approximately 6 months as she collects data regarding children's reading motivation. In this scenario, Cynthia is best described as a

Refer to Exhibit 3-2. Is there a relationship between the graduation rate of high schools and the school size? The text suggests that in selecting and stating a research problem, one should

a. avoid trivial questions. b. strive for a balance between generality and specificity. c. avoid philosophical and judgmental issues. d. none has been violated

Which one of the following is the best example of action research?

a. A teacher gives her students a questionnaire that asks them to describe how often they study and what kinds of strategies they use when they study. She will use the results to develop several lessons on effective study skills. b. A graduate student quietly observes adolescents' behaviors in the school cafeteria. He plans to describe his observations in his master's thesis. c. A college professor recruits sixth graders to come to his lab, where she assesses their responses and reaction times in a variety of challenging problem-solving tasks. Her results will help her refine the theory of problem solving she has been developing. d. All of the school districts in a particular state are instructed to give the same mathematics achievement test to their high school juniors. The average test scores for each district will be presented in a report that will be released to the general public.

In a study of the nature of instruction in elementary school, bilingual classrooms, "the pattern of language usage between teachers and students," is:

a. a null hypothesis. b. a control variable. c. a research hypothesis. d. a foreshadowed problem.

The Graded Word Lists in an IRI asks readers to ____________

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).