Failure to rule out an effect that might be due to events that occur during a study introduces
A) additional dependent variables.
B) a type of researcher bias.
C) the confounding effect of history.
D) a threat to statistical validity.
Answer: C
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Many effective lobbyists are former _____
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
The South African constitution
a. is based upon principles adopted at multiparty talks that led to a transitional government. b. is difficult to amend as most clauses require the approval of three-fourths of the National Assembly. c. does not include a formal bill of rights. d. requires that executive power is shared between political parties. e. is difficult to amend as most clauses require the approval of the majority of provincial governments.
What characterizes the attitude of new presidents toward campaign promises, especially since the election of Bill Clinton?
A)They have become increasingly willing to take political risks in implementing the more controversial aspects of their campaign platforms. B)They have become more risk-averse in implementing the more controversial aspects of their campaign platforms. C)They have become more assertive when implementing the more controversial aspects of their campaign platforms. D)They actively refuse to work toward implementing any controversial aspects of their campaign platform.
Which of the following Supreme Court rulings involved the necessary and proper clause?
a. McCulloch v. Maryland b. Brown v. Board of Education c. Marbury v. Madison d. Tinker v. Des Moines