What effects did industrialization have on the working conditions of agriculturalists and miners during this period?

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

A. Effects on agriculturalists
1. prosperous, independent farmers and ranchers in the American Midwest,
Australia, Argentina could produce meat, grain with relatively little labor
a. ranching remained unmechanized but required only a small and
specialized workforce
2. farmed products such as palm oil and cocoa from West Africa, cotton from
Egypt and India, and opium from India and Turkey were labor intensive
a. to satisfy the market, peasants had to be mobilized—induced or
compelled—into growing these crops
3. pressures or promise of the market made peasants switch from subsistence
agriculture to export crops
4. became increasingly specialized, with particular crops concentrated in
favored regions and large domains
5. erosion of independence and of local prosperity was a common—but not
universal—consequence of the global market
B. Effects on miners
1. unindustrialized world also supplied the industrializing world with raw
minerals in ever larger quantities
2. where mines were located, the impact was often intense
3. mines meant power to their owners but to workers they signified the
destruction of traditional life
4. Africa's discovery of diamonds
a. workers wrenched from agrarian and pastoral communities
b. struggled to re-create the layouts and routines of their
characteristic home villages in squalid, lawless vicinity ofthe mines
c. forbidden to acquire licenses to establish their own diggings
d. could be fined or flogged for desertion of employment, and their
wages were never more than a fifth of what white miners earned
for similar work
5. miners in Europe and North America
a. better treated but still wreaked comparable havoc
b. Río Tinto copper mines in Spain
1. feelings of alienation in uprooted communities
2. impatience of workers at the company's paternalism
3. building could not keep up with numbers of workers
4. executives and workers lived separately with different
conditions