Explain the renin-angiotensin mechanism as a method to maintain blood pressure homeostasis
What will be an ideal response?
The renin-angiotensin mechanism is the most important trigger for the release of aldosterone. It is mediated by the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus of the renal tubules. The JG apparatus consists of modified smooth muscle cells that are stimulated by low blood pressure within the afferent arteriole or changes in solute content of the filtrate. The JG cells respond to these changes by releasing renin into the blood. Renin catalyzes reactions that lead to angiotensin II production, which then acts directly on the blood vessels to cause vasoconstriction as well as aldosterone release. Aldosterone then causes the reabsorption of sodium and water, leading to increased blood volume and blood pressure.
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Characterize lymph transport in terms of rate, volume, and ability to change.
What will be an ideal response?
A prefix meaning elevated is ________, while a prefix meaning depressed is ________
A) endo-; ecto- B) inter-; intra- C) hyper-; hypo- D) sub-; supra-
If a human cell is placed into solution X, containing water and a nonpenetrating solute, then
a. water will diffuse into solution X until the cytosol and solution X are isotonic. b. water will diffuse across the membrane until a state of equilibrium is established. c. water will diffuse into the cell until stopped by an opposing hydrostatic pressure in the cytosol. d. neither the cell nor solution X will experience a net gain of water. e. it is not possible to predict what will happen.
production of blood cells (hematopoiesis) occurs in the ____ system.
-endocrine -integumentary -skeletal -cardiovasular