What role do neighborhoods and schools play in antisocial behavior?
What will be an ideal response?
The social selection hypothesis states that people who move into different neighborhoods differ from one another before they arrive, and those who remain differ from those who leave. For individuals with antisocial traits, this creates a community organization that minimizes productive social relations and effective social norms, leading to the antisocial behavior becoming the rule (Sampson, Raudenbush, & Earls, 1997). The effects of community characteristics on crime and delinquency are likely to be reinforced by neighborhood social disorganization characterized by few local friendship and acquaintance networks, low participation in local community organizations, and an inability to supervise and control teenage peer groups (Sampson & Groves, 1989). In high-risk neighborhoods, enrollment in a poor quality school is associated with antisocial and delinquent behavior, whereas a positive school experience can be a protective factor for the development of these behaviors (Rutter, 1989). A good school environment characterized by clear requirements for homework completion, high academic expectations, clear and consistent discipline policies, and incentives for appropriate school behavior and achievement may partially compensate for poor family circumstances. Systematic interventions to promote these school characteristics have resulted in schoolwide reductions in children's conduct problems (Gottfredson, Gottfredson, & Hybel, 1993).
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Wundt's Cultural Psychology was an attempt to investigate the effects of group membership on decision making.?
a. True b. False
Rasheed is memorizing his math multiplication tables by using flash cards. He does this frequently enough that eventually he does not need the visual stimulation of the cards to remember his multiplication tables for a test. Rasheed is then taking advantage of
a) short-term memory. b) sequential memory. c) sensory memory. d) long-term memory.
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the advertising by psychic advisors?
a. No one has passed the preliminary tests set up by James Randi's Million Dollar Challenge to demonstrate psychic abilities under controlled conditions. b. Usually psychic advisor ads are promoted with a few testimonials and many unsupported claims. c. Unlike psychic advisors, stage mentalists do not use deception with their audiences or in their advertising. d. Psychic advisers promoted in TV commercials make use of the Barnum effect.
Where exactly is the zone of proximal development? Provide an example.
What will be an ideal response?