Chuck works on the assembly line at Widgets, Inc. Because he is a union employee, he is paid $10 for every fifteen widgets he makes. His coworker, Sally, is a nonunion worker and is paid only when the company makes money, which averages out to be two times per month. Chuck is reinforced on a __________ schedule, while Sally is reinforced on a __________ schedule.
A. fixed-interval; variable-interval
B. variable-interval; fixed-ratio
C. fixed-interval; variable-ratio
D. fixed-ratio; variable-interval
Answer: D
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Census statistics show that 72 percent of older men live with a spouse, while only 42 percent of older women remain living with their spouses. What is one consequence of this gender difference?
a. Poverty rates decline for older Americans in part because both spouses contribute to retirement income through Social Security and pension plans. b. Poverty rates are higher for older Americans in part because of the lower economic status of widowed women. c. Older men live longer if there is a wife in the home to take care of them. d. Older men are 30 percent more likely to remarry after the loss of a spouse.
A pattern of change occurring over several generations is called a __________.
A. primary characteristic B. secular trend C. secondary characteristic D. postgenerational cycle
Which of the following best summarizes current thinking on "recovered memories"?
a. This is a complicated topic, involving numerous tradeoffs, about which there are few clear answers. b. "Recovered memories" are real, though the criminal justice system has been slow to acknowledge their legitimacy. c. There does not appear to be any legitimacy to the notion of "recovered memories"—despite the commonality with which they allegedly occurred in the 1980's and 1990's. d. "Recovered memories" are now widely recognized by both psychologists and the criminal justice system as being real and legitimate.
Sanjay scored 100% on a written test on how to insert an IV. But when attempting to insert an IV in a patient's veins, he made several attempts before succeeding. What does the written test lack?
A. internal validity B. external validity C. reliability D. generalizability