Describe and discuss the important distinctions among the following schedules of reinforcement: continuous schedule, fixed interval schedule, variable interval schedule, fixed ratio schedule, and variable ratio schedule
What will be an ideal response?
The authors discuss different schedules of reinforcement on pages 244-245
a.ontinuous schedule: Every appropriate response is rewarded, and every inappropriate response is ignored.
b. fixed interval schedule: Appropriate behavior is rewarded on a predictable time- interval basis (for example, every ten minutes or once a day).
c. variable interval schedule: Reinforcement is provided for appropriate behavior at random intervals (for example, after one day, three days, two days, five days).
d. fixed ratio schedule: Reinforcement is provided for appropriate behavior after a specified number of responses (for example, every fifth time a lever is pressed).
e. variable ratio schedule: Reinforcement is provided for appropriate behavior after a different number of responses (for example, after the second, seventh, nineteenth).
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Over 60 percent of all children live in homes where the only parent or both parents work. What significance does this have for teachers?
a. Teachers need to assume the parent role. b. Teachers should not try to involve parents in the school as much as they used to. c. Parents are now generally expecting teachers to monitor children much more closely than they will. d. Parents' work schedules may make participation in the school more difficult, and teachers may have difficulty contacting them.
Which of the following is NOT used for criterion-referenced scores?
a. Percentage of points earned b. Grade-equivalent of the test performance c. Speed of performance d. Precision of performance
The U.S. Department of Education found that between 1970 and 2006, enrollments in preschools
a. increased to 75% of qualifying populations. b. increased to 56% of qualifying populations. c. stayed relatively stable. d. decreased by 8%. e. decreased by 20%.
How might you help struggling readers who have a low standard of coherence?
a. stress accurate word recognition b. build fluency c. work on vocabulary d. emphasize reading for meaning