Which of the following is not a mechanism for the development of autoimmune disorders?
A) cross-reaction of antibodies formed against foreign antigens (haptens) bound with self-antigens
B) mutation followed by the appearance of membrane proteins not previously present
C) exposure of previously "hidden" self-antigens to the adaptive immune system during trauma
D) a second exposure to an allergen
D
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In Alzheimer patients, amyloid plaques may cause
a. a breakdown the blood-brain barrier b. glutamate toxicity to neurons c. degeneration of the neuron cell bodies d. a breakdown in the blood-brain barrier and glutamate toxicity to neurons e. glutamate toxicity to neurons and degeneration of the neuron cell bodies
Myosin
a. is found in the A band b. is found in the I band c. is in the thin filaments d. shortens during muscle contraction because it is one of the contractile proteins e. is found in the Z line
Which type of cell breaks down bone tissue?
A. Osteoclast B. Adipocyte C. Mast cell D. Macrophage E. Stem cell
Rickets, a disease characterized by overproduction and deficient calcification of osteoid tissue, is caused by a lack of sufficient
A. Vitamin D. B. calcitonin. C. Vitamin C. D. thyroid hormone. E. Vitamin A.