Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Gangs never migrate to smaller cities and towns to avoid the intense competition of drug trafficking in the cities.
2. The sharp decline in homicides by known juvenile offenders between 1994 and 2001 was attributable entirely to a decline in homicides by firearm.
3. Aside from listing the risk factors that can predict likely gang involvement, it is perhaps best to view the likelihood of joining a gang as entailing multiple pushes and pulls upon the juvenile.
4. In areas of serious deprivation and where few prosocial opportunities exist, the prospect of joining a gang is decreased.
5. Many gangs throughout the United States have developed along racial or ethnic lines.


1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE

Criminal Justice

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Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)

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