What are the steps for pain transmission in the gate control theory? (Mark all that apply.)
A) Unrelieved painful stimulus on a peripheral neuron causes the "gate" to open
B) The gate opens through repolarization of the nerve fiber
C) The brain stem recognizes the stimulus as pain
D) The pain stimulus passes down the afferent pathway
E) The pain stimulus crosses the dorsal horn of the spine to the limbic system
A, E
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A child who weighs 40.9 kg and is 132 cm tall has a BSA of ______________
a. 1.22 m2 b. 1.72 m2 c. 1.5 m2 d. 1.8 m2
A 17-year-old unmarried female presents to the emergency department and says, "I am pregnant and I have a urinary tract infection.". There is no parent present. How should the nurse proceed regarding consent?
1. Assume consent because the patient came to the ED seeking help. 2. Assume consent is legal because the patient is pregnant. 3. Ask the patient to call her parents to give telephone consent. 4. Refer to the hospital policy and procedure manual about conditions of consent.
You are working with a plastic surgeon as the instrument nurse. Your patient is a young model who is having numerous skin lesions excised from her face and neck. Towards the end of the procedure, the surgical assistant is called away to see a patient in the emergency department. You are preparing for the count of instruments and needles with your circulating nurse. The surgeon asks if you are
able to hold the skin hooks to retract the patient's skin. It is the final lesion to be excised and it is on the patient's cheek close to her eye. 1. How will you manage this situation? Provide reasons for your response. Answer: Appropriate responses include: As instrument nurse, you are responsible for the count of instruments and needles with your circulating nurse and should not be interrupted in this process. Assisting surgery is an advanced practice role. Retraction may be a role responsibility of the perioperative nurse surgeon's assistant and/or a nurse practitioner. It may be appropriate for the instrument nurse to assist the surgeon in some situations; however, the specific nature of the assistance needs to be within the scope of practice of the nurses within that facility in general (and preferably documented in policy). In addition, the individual instrument nurse needs to be competent in the skill before agreeing to assist, otherwise should inform the surgeon that the skill is outside their individual scope of practice. An untrained assistant may be increasing the risks to the patient, who in this case is a young model having plastic surgery to her face. These risks include skin and nerve damage as well as damage to her eye by a misplaced skin hook. You have completed your first count and the surgeon is now preparing to suture two remaining incisions on the patient's face, including the incision near the eye. What will be an ideal response?
A patient with gastrointestinal bleeding is awake, alert, and oriented and has vital sign measurements of: blood pressure 130/90 mm Hg, pulse 118 beats/minute, respirations 18/minute, and temperature 98.6°F (37°C)
Which finding should the nurse consider as a possible sign of early shock? a. Respirations 18/min b. Heart rate 118 beats/min c. Temperature 98.6°F (37°C) d. Blood pressure 130/90 mm Hg