Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of dogs, and they began to salivate. The food acted as a (an) ____________
a) unconditioned response
b) unconditioned stimulus
c) conditioned response
d) conditioned stimulus
ANS: B, The food acted as an unconditioned stimulus because it caused salivation without learning taking place. It's "automatic" ability to elicit a reaction makes it unconditioned.
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Self-efficacy is best defined as
a. feeling great about who you are. b. the belief that you can effectively accomplish a specific outcome. c. the ability to make fun of one's self. d. your self-concept concerning gender, intellect, and sexual orientation.
Cultural attitudes more common for black and Hispanic men than white men
a. are more open regarding homosexuality. b. are more openly bisexual. c. may contribute to the rise in AIDS among women in those cultures. d. help explain the decrease in AIDS among women since they are more likely to have protected anal and vaginal sex.
Approximately what percent of employee absenteeism is due to illness?
a. Almost none (5%) b. Some (34%) c. Most (67%) d. Almost all (96%)
Responding is reliably increased by
a. both rewards and operant reinforcers. b. rewards. c. operant reinforcers. d. neither rewards nor operant reinforcers.