In what ways do the wide discretionary powers possessed by actors in the justice system contribute to the concept of system fragmentation discussed in Chapter One?
What will be an ideal response
Police officers have discretion over those arrested; judicial officers and sentencing decisions; and correctional officials with rehabilitation decisions and resources.
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What is the term applied to full body duking of prisoners who have been strapped to a board, face covered by cloth, and have icy water poured over their face?
What will be an ideal response?
Which of the following consequences of lying according to Kleinig (1996) may occur through the liar becoming more evasive for fear of being found out?
a. others are harmed b. social trust is destroyed c. The liar is harmed. d. none of these
Which measures the midpoint of a distribution?
a. mean b. median c. mode d. standard deviation
A traditional police approach to a citizen's call concerning drug activity typically involved:
a. Showing up, taking a report, and leaving the area b. An arrest of a juvenile c. Callout of a special assault team d. The arrest of at least two gang members