Clients who have a history of esophageal varices should avoid which of these?
a. antibiotics
b. antihistamines
c. NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
d. laxatives
C
Esophageal varices are enlarged, twisted esophageal veins that are usually associated with chronic liver obstruction such as occurs in cirrhosis; they are asymptomatic until they rupture and hemorrhage. Medical management includes medications prescribed to prevent esophageal irritation, to control bleeding, and to control pain following sclerotherapy. Nursing care focuses on monitoring the client's vital signs and overall condition for evidence of bleeding and alleviating client anxiety. Teaching should include avoiding medications, which will promote bleeding such as NSAIDs, aspirin, and anticoagulants.
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The nurse is concerned that an adult daughter of a nuclear family is experiencing developmental, situational, and structural crises. What did the nurse assess to make this determination? (Select all that apply.)
1. Mother's sister moved out of state. 2. Aging father developed renal failure. 3. Daughter recently remarried at age 45. 4. Daughter's spouse purchased a new car. 5. Daughter expected to pay for aging parent's health care.
Which of the following statements about monitoring the use of psychotropic medications in older adults is most accurate?
A) Any side effects are likely to be mild. B) Medications are the best method of dealing with psychiatric problems in older adults. C) Side effects in older persons may be profound. D) The highest dosage of medications should be used in older adults.
The nurse performs a sterile dressing change for a peripheral IV insertion site used for a continuous IV infusion. Which are potential nursing interventions for a sterile IV dressing change? (Select all that apply.)
1. Discontinue the IV infusion. 2. Apply a sterile gauze dressing. 3. Apply povidone-iodine solution. 4. Secure IV tubing to the dressing. 5. Cover with an occlusive dressing. 6. Tape hub over skin at insertion site.
When working with a client with aphasia, the nurse may attempt to enhance communication by:
1. Using visual cues 2. Speaking loudly 3. Using open-ended questions 4. Communicating through a speech therapist