A researcher states in an article that a new experimental treatment, trialed in the outpatient setting in a tri-physician practice in northern Oregon, produces better outcomes than the control treatment for patients with COPD. The p-value given is p <.05. What does this mean?
a. There is better than a 95% chance that at the research site mentioned in the article the experimental treatment really DOES produce better outcomes for patients with COPD.
b. The probability of error is 95%.
c. There is very little chance that the intervention is effective—less than a 5% chance, in fact.
d. There is better than a 95% chance that the experimental treatment will produce better outcomes for all COPD patients.
e. There is less than a 5% chance that the researcher has reached this conclusion in error.
ANS: A, D, E
Probability theory addresses statistical analysis as the likelihood of accurately predicting an event or the extent of an effect. In probability theory, the meaning of statistical results is interpreted by the researcher in light of his or her knowledge of the field of study. Probability is expressed as a lowercase p, with values expressed as percentages or as a decimal value ranging from 0 to 1.
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