The driving force behind assessment should be to help us better understand and serve children in early childhood programs
a. True
b. False
Cries – usually the child's first sounds, is expressing their needs
Coos – soft and gentle sounds of expression
Responds to language – responds with sound or movement to adults interactive language
Babbles – strings together consonants and vowel sounds
Imitates sounds around them
Speaks first word – near 12 months
Speaks increasing numbers of words – vocabulary begins to increase rapidly
4-5 words at 15 months
15-20 words at 18 months
200 words at 24 months
2-word sentences are used, e.g., all gone, more juice, Daddy bye
Telegraphic speech – leaves out all but essential content, e.g., Dana go car
Uses words broadly, e.g., calls all beverages milk
3-5 word sentences quickly expanding to 4-5 word sentences
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Within the primary grade levels differences in the size or volume of children's vocabulary
A) are not usually an important consideration for instructional decisions. B) may be an important consideration for instructional decisions. C) will not impact instruction decisions or implementation. D) should not be a concern, because children with low vocabulary volume will catch up easily.
When a researcher is a complete observer, he or she:
a. Spends a limited amount of time observing group members who know he or she is observing b. Is a participant in the setting more than an observer c. Observes as an outsider without letting others know he or she is doing research d. Participates in a setting without letting people know he or she is a researcher
The advantages of intermittent schedules of reinforcement include all EXCEPT
a. keeping students from becoming satiated on the reinforcers b. teaching students to work for longer periods of time c. teaching students to delay gratification d. ensuring that students understand they should be reinforced for all they complete
In the context of parenting, individualist societies would be most likely to:
A) Stress obedience to all authority, especially to parents and older family members B) Emphasize the extended family network in teaching children what is valued C) Emphasize children learning and respecting social norms governing appropriate behavior D) Allow children to participate in decision-making and foster children's personal achievements