Which statement(s) about variables that influence drug action is/are true? (Select all that apply.)
a. An older adult will require increased dosage of a drug to achieve the same therapeutic effect as that seen in a younger person.
b. Body weight can affect the therapeutic response of a medication.
c. Chronic smokers may metabolize drugs more rapidly than nonsmokers.
d. A patient's attitude and expectations affect the response to medication.
e. Reduced circulation causes drugs to absorb more rapidly.
ANS: B, C, D
Body weight can affect response to medications; typically, obese patients require an increase in dosage and underweight patients a decrease in dosage. Chronic smoking enhances metabolism of drugs. Attitudes and expectations play a major role in an individual's response to drugs. Older adults require decreased dosages of drugs to achieve a therapeutic effect. Decreased circulation causes drugs to absorb more slowly.
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Which of the following is the most widely used data collection method by nurse researchers?
A) Records B) Self-reports C) Observation D) Biophysiologic measures
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