Which of the following statements about qualitative research is accurate? (Select all that apply.)
a. Qualitative research deals exclusively with humans.
b. Qualitative research's principal purpose is to inform the reader.
c. Qualitative research yields data that are not numbers-based, such as audiotapes, videotapes, and field notes.
d. Qualitative research is not systematic.
e. Qualitative research does not contain or imply a research question.
f. Qualitative research is ill-defined and vague.
g. Qualitative research has no practical use.
ANS: B, C
Qualitative researchers use observations, interviews, and focus groups to gather data. The interactions are guided but not controlled in the way that quantitative data collection is controlled. For example, the researcher may ask subjects to share their experiences of powerlessness in the health care system. Qualitative researchers would begin interpreting the subjective data during data collection, recognizing that their interpretation is influenced by their own perceptions and beliefs. Qualitative data take the form of words and are analyzed according to the qualitative approach that is being used. The intent of the analysis is to organize the data into a meaningful, individualized interpretation, framework, or theory that describes the phenomenon studied. The findings from a qualitative study are unique to that study, and it is not the researcher's intent to generalize the findings to a larger population. Qualitative researchers are encouraged to question generalizations and to interpret meaning based on individual study participants' perceptions and realities.
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