In the Gram-staining procedure, the counterstain is
A. safranin.
B. alcohol.
C. crystal violet.
D. iodine.
Answer: A
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Horizontal gene transfer between host organisms and their symbionts
A) happens frequently because of coevolution. B) causes genome reduction in the symbiont and genome expansion in the host. C) causes genome reduction in both the host and the symbiont. D) has been observed, but is considered a rare event.
In herbaceous plants, the stress-related closing of stomata is regulated by ____
a. sunlight b. ion concentrations in the xylem c. CO2 concentration d. O2 concentration e. abscisic acid
What is/are a component of the complement system that coats the bacterial surface, acting as an opsonin to enhance phagocytosis of bacteria?
A) C2c B) C3b C) CD8 D) CD4 E) polysaccharides
Which of the following statements is typically false?
A) DNA is double stranded, whereas RNA is single stranded. B) DNA contains the same nucleotides as RNA. C) DNA to RNA is called transcription. D) RNA to protein is called translation.