When participants' behaviors are affected not by the treatment per se but by their knowledge of participating in a study, interpretation of the findings is complicated by the influence of which of the following?
A) Treatment effect
B) History threat
C) Hawthorne effect
D) Selection threat
C
Feedback:
Hawthorne effect, in which various environmental conditions vary to determine their effect on worker productivity. The history threat is the occurrence of events concurrent with the independent variable that can affect the outcome. The selection threat reflects biases stemming from preexisting differences between groups. Temporal ambiguity, not treatment effect, the cause must precede the effect.
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When toxicity results from irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors, it is usually a result of:
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The automatic nervous system is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
True False