Toby, age 85, is extremely infirm and displays wasted muscle mass and strength. In recent months, Toby has experienced weight loss, severe mobility problems, and cognitive difficulties. Explain Toby's condition. What contributes to it?
What will be an ideal response?
Toby is frail. Frailty involves weakened functioning of diverse organs and body systems, yielding symptoms that profoundly interfere with everyday competence—unintentional weight loss, self-reported exhaustion, muscle weakness, slow walking speed, and low physical activity. Frailty leaves older people highly vulnerable in the face of infection, extremely hot or cold weather, or injury. Although primary (biological) aging contributes to frailty, researchers agree that secondary aging plays a larger role, through genetic disorders, unhealthy lifestyle, and chronic disease. Secondary aging involves declines due to hereditary defects and negative environmental influences, such as poor diet, lack of exercise, disease, substance abuse, environmental pollution, and psychological stress. Serious conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, unintentional injuries, and dementia are major sources of frailty in late adulthood.
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In order to reduce the time he spends watching TV, Greg vividly imagines himself failing an important exam because he watched too much TV instead of studying. Greg is using the self-management behavior technique known as __________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
"Attachment comes from traits and behaviors that have evolved over time to increase the infant's chances of survival." This is the basic tenet of what theory?
A) Chess's goodness of fit theory B) Harlow's primate theory C) Bowlby's ethological theory D) Ainsworth's Strange Situation theory
Social psychologists differ from sociologists in that social psychologists
a. are interested in how people are influenced by their social environments. b. are concerned with people's perspectives of their social environments. c. advocate the use of common sense. d. are reliant on the insights of philosophers.
Ruth volunteers at a homeless shelter two days a month. She finds that she looks forward to her volunteer days because she feels good when helping others. Her mood is elevated before she reaches the shelter and for a few days afterwards
This situation best represents the ________. A) altruistic personality B) implicit bystander effect C) empathy-altruism hypothesis D) empathic joy hypothesis E) negative-state relief model