How does the phenomenon of horizontal gene transfer muddle the concept of monophyletic groups?
A. Monophyletic groups are based on the concept that a particular group of species descended from a common ancestor. When horizontal gene transfer occurs in the common ancestor, any species to which it gives rise can no longer be considered descendent species.
B. Monophyletic groups are based on the concept that a particular group of species descended from a common ancestor. When horizontal gene transfer occurs, not all of the genes in a species were inherited from the common ancestor.
C. Monophyletic groups are based on the concept that members of a particular group of species are related to one another at a particular taxonomic rank. However, a species that undergoes horizontal gene transfer no longer belongs to that taxon and the group becomes paraphyletic.
D. Monophyletic groups are based on the concept that members of a particular group of species are related to one another at a particular taxonomic rank. An unrelated species that undergoes horizontal gene transfer can become more closely related to members of a different group, making that group polyphyletic.
B. Monophyletic groups are based on the concept that a particular group of species descended from a common ancestor. When horizontal gene transfer occurs, not all of the genes in a species were inherited from the common ancestor.
You might also like to view...
In individuals with normal blood sugar levels, glucose is reabsorbed into the bloodstream in the kidney by members of the GLUT transporter family, which form an aqueous pore across the membrane through which glucose can move passively. As a result, no glucose is excreted in urine. However, in people with untreated diabetes mellitus, blood sugar levels are high and glucose is often present in the urine. What can explain this occurrence?
A. High blood glucose levels reverse the concentration gradient, allowing untransported glucose to be excreted in urine. B. High blood glucose levels interfere with the coupled transport of water and glucose, allowing untransported glucose to be excreted in urine. C. The GLUT transporters become saturated, allowing untransported glucose to be excreted in urine. D. The GLUT transporters cannot hydrolyze ATP quickly enough for ATP to transport the extra glucose, thereby allowing untransported glucose to be excreted in urine. Clarify Question · What is the key concept addressed by the question? · What type of thinking is required? Gather Content · What do you know about glucose movement through the GLUT transporter? What other information is related to the question? Choose Answer · Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most likely to produce the correct answer? Reflect on Process · Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
Respond to statements 111–115 in reference to the five stages of
sperm development listed below. a. spermatogonium b. secondary spermatocyte c. primary spermatocyte d. spermatid e. sperm D 111. This is the first stage of development where the male sex cell is haploid. M 112. This continues to undergo mitosis throughout the reproductive life of the male. D 113. This represents the product of the first meiotic division. D 114. This is a mitotic product that then undergoes meiosis. M 115. The male sex cell is fully formed at this stage of development.
What was one of the pieces of evidence most critical to the discovery of DNA structure?
A. the hydrogen bonding between different nucleotides B. its composition of four different nucleotides C. the discovery of its semi-conservative mode of replication D. the backbone containing sugar-phosphate linkages E. an X-ray diffraction pattern suggesting a double helix shape
Operons ___________________________
(a) are commonly found in eukaryotic cells. (b) are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. (c) contain a cluster of genes transcribed as a single mRNA. (d) can only be regulated by gene activator proteins.