Which of the following gases, which we might be able to detect in infrared spectra, would be a strong indicator of life on another planet?
A) carbon dioxide
B) ozone
C) methane
D) water vapor
E) sulfuric acid
B
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A cylindrical liquid oxygen (LOX) tank has a diameter of 1.22 m, a length of 6.1 m, and hemispherical ends. The boiling point of LOX is – 179.4°C. An insulation is sought which will reduce the boil-off rate in the steady state to no more than 11.3 kg/h. The heat of vaporization of LOX is 214 kJ/kg. If the thickness of this insulation is to be no more than 7.5 cm, what would the value of its thermal conductivity have to be?
GIVEN
• Insulated cylindrical tank with hemispherical ends filled with LOX
• Diameter of tank (Dt) = 1.22 m
• Length of tank (Lt) = 6.1 m
• Boiling point of LOX (Tbp) = –179.40C
• Heat of vaporization of LOX (hfg) = 214 kJ/kg
• Steady state boil-off rate ( m ) = 11.2 kg/h
• Maximum thickness of insulation (L) = 7.5 cm = 0.075 m
FIND
The thermal conductivity (k) of the insulation necessary to maintain the boil-off rate below 11.2 kg/h. ASSUMPTIONS
• The length given includes the hemispherical ends
• The thermal resistance of the tank is negligible compared to the insulation
• The thermal resistance at the interior surface of the tank is negligible
SKETCH
The mass of an entire hydrogen atom is converted into energy during the proton-proton chain.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
The mass of an atom is
A) approximately equally divided between protons and electrons. B) approximately equally divided between neutrons, protons, and electrons. C) evenly divided between the nucleus and the surrounding electron cloud. D) concentrated in the cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleus. E) concentrated in the nucleus.
Another name for the leeward slope is
A) upslope. B) downslope. C) rain shadow. D) downslope and/or rain shadow.