Describe the three roles of the sodium-potassium pump
What will be an ideal response?
The Na+–K+ pump plays three important roles: (1) It establishes Na+ and K+ concentration gradients across the plasma membrane of all cells; these gradients are critically important in the ability of nerve and muscle cells to generate electrical signals essential to their functioning; (2) It helps regulate cell volume by controlling the concentrations of solutes inside the cell and thus minimizing osmotic effects that would induce swelling or shrinking of the cell; (3) The energy used to run the Na+–K+ pump also indirectly serves as the energy source for secondary active transport.
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Obstruction of the ________ will cause a more severe myocardial infarction (MI) than the obstruction of any of the others.
A. circumflex branch B. left coronary artery (LCA) C. left marginal vein D. anterior interventricular branch E. posterior interventricular vein
Indicate the proper order of events during the cardiac cycle by placing numbers in the blanks preceding the events in sequence. (Some steps may have been omitted.) The first event is labeled as your starting point. 1 AV valve open; aortic valve closed; ventricular filling occurring Blood ejected from the ventricles Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation Atrial contraction AV valve opens;
ventricular filling occurs again; one cardiac cycle is complete Aortic valve opens SA node discharges Ventricular filling complete Ventricular relaxation begins Aortic valve closes Isovolumetric ventricular contraction Ventricular contraction begins; AV valve closes What will be an ideal response?
What first tier hormone stimulates cortisol production?
A) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) B) growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) C) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) D) somatostatin
The absence or inhibition of acetylcholinesterase at a synapse would lead to ________.
A. continued muscle contraction B. numbness C. atrophy D. muscle wasting E. flaccid paralysis