What was LUCA?
a. the first life-form
b. the only life-form present before our current lineage
c. the last universal ancestral life-form, a single individual
d. a population of life-forms that was the last common ancestor of life on Earth today
D
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Who proposed that in any DNA molecule, A =T and G = C?
A. Hershey and Chase B. Chargaff C. Franklin D. Watson and Crick
Which of these does not occur when a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom?
a. The sodium atom becomes a positively charged ion. b. The positive and negative ions will attract each other, forming a crystal if no water is present. c. The ions will separate in the presence of water. d. There is a mutual sharing of the electrons between the sodium and chlorine atoms.
One of your professors says that fleas jump so high because they have specially adapted leg structures and muscles. But your other professor says that fleas jump high because evolution selected for individuals with genes that helped them avoid being damaged by the scratching behavior of their host. So -- why do fleas jump high?
A. Because evolution selected for individuals with genes that helped them avoid being damaged by the scratching behavior of their host. B. The proximate cause is that they have specially adapted leg structures and muscles, and the ultimate cause is that evolution selected for individuals with genes that helped them avoid being damaged by the scratching behavior of their host. C. The ultimate cause is that they have specially adapted leg structures and muscles, and the proximate cause is that evolution selected for individuals with genes that helped them avoid being damaged by the scratching behavior of their host. D. Because they have specially adapted leg structures and muscles.
Refer to the cladogram below. Which synapomorphy is common to the lizard and rabbit but not the salmon? 
A. Vertebrae. B. Notochord. C. Mammary glands. D. Tetrapod locomotion.