In Adarand Constructors v. Peña, the Supreme Court determined that __________
a. affirmative action policies must be scrutinized using the same suspect standard that is used for other policies classifying people by race
b. affirmative action policies are subject to an intermediate standard whereby they are presumed to be permissible
c. affirmative action policies may be broadly tailored to accomplish a compelling government interest
d. affirmative action policies must be designed to address past discrimination without taking into account race, ethnicity, religion, or creed –
a
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Note some recent examples of cases in which the U.S. Supreme Court has revealed its view that the commerce clause does not justify all federal actions.
What will be an ideal response?
As organizations, political parties in California are, in general:
a. weak. b. controlled by networks of precinct captains. c. dominated by the state party chairs. d. because of their control of patronage, able to dictate positions on issues to office holders.
Which is not a reason to have elections rather than the random selection of lawmakers?
a. Election campaigns stimulate public deliberation. b. Elections are less costly than random selection would be. c. Elections foster more active citizenship. d. Elections provide a way for the people to check and control their government. e. It is not necessarily desirable for officials to be a perfect cross-section of the public.
What was the world’s first large modern republic?
a. The United States b. Great Britain c. France d. Italy