What role do calcium ions play in cell signal propagation?
a. kinases
b. phosphorylases
c. secondary messengers
d. membrane transfer
c. secondary messengers
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Which of the following methods do fungi use in order to penetrate the initial layer of a plant's defenses?
A. mechanical bridging B. sharp mouthparts C. entry through stomates D. secretion of phospholipids to dissolve the cuticle
Scientific study of the population cycles of the snowshoe hare and its predator, the lynx, has revealed that
A) the prey population is controlled by predators alone. B) hares and lynx are so mutually dependent that each species cannot survive without the other. C) multiple biotic and abiotic factors contribute to the cycling of hare and lynx populations. D) both hare and lynx populations are regulated mainly by abiotic factors. E) the hare population is r-selected and the lynx population is K-selected.
What percent of the ATP in a typical animal cell is consumed by the Na+-K+ pump?
a. 1% b. 10% c. 25% d. 66%
Please choose the statement that best describes the pathology of most autoimmune diseases.
A) Autoimmune diseases result from autoantibodies that either bring about cytotoxic responses or form immune complexes that provoke inflammation. B) Autoimmune diseases are equally distributed among males and females and various age groups. C) Autoimmune diseases are the result of the destruction of T cells, which impairs cell-mediated responses. D) Autoimmune diseases are caused by overproduction of IgE and the degranulation of mast cells and basophils in response to autoantigens.