One difference between reliability and validity is that reliability
a) can be summarized by a single number, while validity is usually evaluated on a continuum.
b) is defined in terms of a particular set of examinees, while validity is independent of any group of examinees.
c) can only be established over a period of time, while validity can be established fairly quickly in the test development process.
d) includes considerations of how a test is used, while validity is an internal quality of a test.
a
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Penny is a survivor of child sexual abuse. Over the years, she has found herself reliving the abuse ("flashbacks"); avoiding situations, thoughts, and feelings related to the abuse ("emotional numbing"); sleep disturbances;
a heightened startle response ("hypervigilance"); and difficulty concentrating. Her counselor says she is suffering from ________. a. post-traumatic stress disorder b. psychotic depression c. emotional outburst d. rape desensitization syndrome
What is a "non-contraceptive" benefit of combination oral contraceptives?
a. decreased risk of heart attack c. decreased risk of stroke b. improvement of facial acne d. improvement of facial wrinkles
What does research say about the effect of homosexual parenting on children?
A. Research shows that the mental health of children raised by gay parents is no different from that of children raised by heterosexual parents. B. Research shows that an overwhelming number of children raised by gay parents are sex offenders. C. Research shows that children raised by gay parents often lead more troubled lives than children raised by heterosexual parents. D. Research shows that an overwhelming number of children raised by gay parents turn gay themselves.
The pattern of sexual behavior characterized by sexual arousal to individuals, objects, or situations that departs from mainstream normative or typical behavior and may cause serious personal distress, impair daily functioning or harm to others is called ________.
A. hypersexuality B. sexual compulsivity C. sexual fetishism D. mainstream sexuality E. paraphilia