Which of the following is required for a behavioral trait to evolve by natural selection?
A) The behavior is determined entirely by genes.
B) The behavior is the same in all individuals in the population.
C) An individual's reproductive success depends in part on how the behavior is performed.
D) The behavior is not genetically inherited.
E) An individual's phenotype is not influenced by its genotype.
Answer: C
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Which of the following correctly describes the fate of the embryonic germ layers?
A. The endoderm forms the gut, the ectoderm forms the epidermis and parts of the nervous system, and the mesoderm forms muscles and most internal organs. B. The endoderm forms the gut, the ectoderm forms the reproductive tract and endocrine system, and the mesoderm forms muscles and most internal organs. C. The endoderm forms the inner part of all internal organs, the mesoderm forms the middle parts, and the ectoderm forms the outer coverings. D. The layers are sequential structures that all disappear during development, with the endoderm appearing first and then is replaced by the mesoderm, which in turn is supplanted by the ectoderm. E. The endoderm is an embryonic structure that disappears early, whereas the ectoderm persists as the skin and the mesoderm as the internal organs.
Essay on the Principle of Population, written by Thomas Malthus in 1798, influenced Darwin's thoughts as he struggled to understand what mechanisms could be at work to produce evolution. Malthus proposed that populations of animals and plants, including humans,
A. evolved from mainland to islands, thus explaining why the island flora and fauna resembled the mainland species so closely. B. decreased arithmetically in numbers while the nutrients available increased geometrically. C. increased arithmetically in numbers while the nutrients available only increased geometrically. D. increased geometrically in numbers while the nutrients available only increased arithmetically. E. increased geometrically in numbers while the nutrients available increased arithmetically.
Eukaryotic genes are organized into operons
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Which of the following is not characteristic of ciliates?
a. They use cilia as locomotory structures or as feeding structures. b. They are relatively complex cells. c. They can exchange genetic material with other ciliates by the process of mitosis. d. Most live as solitary cells in fresh water. e. They have two or more nuclei.