Hotelling's model has been used to describe differentiation in the political "market." Suppose that 100 voters are evenly distributed between the extreme left and the extreme right on the political spectrum, and that all voters vote, and they always vote for the candidate closest to them on this spectrum. The numbers on this spectrum represent the number of voters lying to the left of the number. So, at the midpoint, fifty voters lie to the left and fifty to the right. At the extreme right end, all 100 voters lie to the left. 
If Candidate X is running for office against Candidate Z, then:
A. all voters to the left of Z will vote for X, and all voters to the right of Z will vote for Z.
B. all voters who would have voted for Y will vote for X.
C. Candidate X might win.
D. Candidate Z will win.
Answer: D
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The fact that high-income earners tend to earn a higher percentage of their incomes from rent and dividends, in contrast to low-income earners, make the payroll taxes
A. proportional. B. a flat tax. C. more progressive. D. more regressive.
Do deficits lead to inflation?
What will be an ideal response?
Suppose the Christmas trees market is perfectly competitive. A business owner is currently suffering from a loss of $1,000, the cost of producing and selling an additional Christmas tree is $20, and the current market price is $25. The owner
A) should sell more trees. B) should shut down his business now. C) should advertise in the market. D) is already minimizing his loss.
Supply-side market failures occur when:
A. the demand and supply curves don't reflect consumers' full willingness to pay for a good or service. B. the demand and supply curves don't reflect the full cost of producing a good or service. C. government regulates production of a good or service. D. a good or service is not supplied because no one wants it.