Explain differential association theory, differential reinforcement theory, and rational choice theory
What will be an ideal response?
According to sociologist Edwin Sutherland, people learn the necessary techniques and the motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes of deviant behavior from people with whom they associate.
Criminologist Ronald Aker has combined differential association theory with elements of psychological learning theory to create differential reinforcement theory, which suggests that both deviant behavior and conventional behavior are learned through the same social processes.
The rational choice theory of deviance states that deviant behavior occurs when a person weighs the costs and benefits of nonconventional or criminal behavior and determines that the benefits will outweigh the risks involved in such actions. Rational choice approaches suggest that most people who commit crimes do not engage in random acts of antisocial behavior. Instead, they make careful decisions based on weighing the available information regarding situational factors, such as the place of the crime, suitable targets, and the availability of people to deter the behavior, and personal factors, such as what rewards they may gain from their criminal behavior.
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The rate of incarceration in the U.S. is higher than that of South Africa and Iran, but lower than that of China
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Prior to World War II, banks often required a _______ down payment on homes. After World War II the GI Bill provided for down payments of _______ and the Veteran's Administration asked for a down payments of _______
a. 50% … 5-10% … $1.00 b. 25% … 10% … 1%. c. $5,000 …. $1,000 … $100 d. 20% … 2% … zero
Body modifications such as tattoos have become less widespread and common in recent years.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Schools today tend to be __________
A) segregated by social class and race B) integrated with respect to ability C) segregated by gender D) integrated with respect to age