Chemokines often show redundancy in their signaling. Why might redundancy be beneficially in multicellular organisms to starting certain immune responses?

A. Immune response can be up-regulated or down-regulated based on how many chemokines are released.
B. Receiving multiple signals allows a double check before an immune response is started.
C. Some signals target multiple cells and are nonspecific.
D. Inactivated cells do not bind chemokine signals.
E. A, B, and C


E

Health & Biomechanics

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