Efforts to define the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) currently estimate 80–500 genes are shared by all known species. The lower value of 80 was estimated by determining the number of:
A. mRNAs species produced in LUCA.
B. genes coded by LUCA genome.
C. genes in simplest bacterial species.
D. clearly identifiable orthologs in all organisms.
E. genes required for processes that are found in all organisms.
D
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________ inhibitors bind reversibly at the active site of an enzyme
Fill in the blank with correct word.
Glycolysis takes place in the ________, and the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain take place in the ________.
A. intermembrane space of the mitochondria; mitochondrial matrix B. mitochondria; cytoplasm C. cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum D. cytoplasm; mitochondria E. mitochondrial matrix; inner mitochondrial membrane
The most commonly occurring mutation in people with cystic fibrosis is a deletion of a single codon. This results in _____
A) a base-pair substitution B) a frameshift mutation C) a polypeptide missing an amino acid D) a nonsense mutation
Stems that grow underground and produce roots and new shoots are
A. rhizomes. B. always parasitic. C. stomata. D. tubers. E. tendrils.