Some of the most common autoimmune disorders include those that affect the joints (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis), muscles (polymyalgia rheumatica), blood vessels (giant cell arteritis), tear and salivary glands (Sjogren's syndrome), or a differing variety of body tissues (systemic lupus erythematosus). What do these various disorders have in common? (Check all that apply.)
_____ The immune system is attacking the body's own tissues.
_____ They are caused by bacterial pathogens.
_____ They are caused by hypersensitivity to allergens like peanuts, gluten, or pollen.
_____ They are caused by lifestyle choices like smoking.
_____ They are psychological.
_____ They are treated by suppressing the immune system.
_____ They involve failure of immunological tolerance.
__X__ The immune system is attacking the body's own tissues.
_____ They are caused by bacterial pathogens.
_____ They are caused by hypersensitivity to allergens like peanuts, gluten, or pollen.
_____ They are caused by lifestyle choices like smoking.
_____ They are psychological.
__X__ They are treated by suppressing the immune system.
__X__ They involve failure of immunological tolerance.
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It is believed that cetaceans evolved from:
a. a terrestrial mammal. b. a pinniped. c. fishes. d. polychaetes. e. dinosaurs.
Which of the following characteristics does the life cycle of the alga Ulva share with the life cycle of seed plants?
a. male and female gametes that look the same b. male and female gametes produced by mitosis c. sporophytes and gametophytes that look the same d. diploid spores e. fertilization in the open water
Match the reactant in gluconeogenesis on the left with the appropriate enzyme on the right
A) fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase B) phosphoglyceromutase C) pyruvate kinase D) oxaloacetate kinase E) hexokinase F) glucose-6-phosphatase G) aldolase H) pyruvate carboxylase I) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1) pyruvate 2) oxaloacetate 3) fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 4) glucose-6-phosphate 5) 2-phosphoglycerate
Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported:a
dissolved in plasma. b. as bicarbonate ions. c. by hemoglobin. d. as carbonic anhydrase. e. as carbonic acid.