Erythrocytes do not carry out aerobic respiration; thus, they do not consume any of the oxygen they are transporting.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
True
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Natural analgesia occurs when
a. endogenous opiates bind to P-substance b. endogenous opiates bind to nociceptors in the spinal cord c. the periaquaductal gray matter stimulates afferent pain fibers in the spinal cord d. endogenous opiates bind to excitatory interneurons in the dorsal horns e. periaquaductal gray matter causes interneurons to release endogenous opiates that bind to receptors on afferent pain fibers
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the chloride shift at the level of tissue capillaries?
a. Hydrogen ions are bound by oxyhemoglobin, which decreases its affinity for oxygen. b. A RBC symport is responsible for the movement of chloride. C. Bicarbonate is brought back into red blood cells in exchange for chloride exiting. d. Carbonic acid binds hydrogen with the help of carbonic anhydrase.
The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the
a. end-diastolic volume. b. end-systolic volume. c. stroke volume. d. cardiac output. e. cardiac reserve.
The pyramids are __________ nerve tracts that are involved in the conscious control of __________.
A) ascending, smooth muscle B) ascending, skeletal muscle C) descending, smooth muscle D) descending, cardiac muscle E) descending, skeletal muscle