The patient states, "I think I am actually addicted to nicotine." Which assessment findings are consistent with this type of addiction?
Select all that apply.
1. The blood pressure is 182/86.
2. The patient states, "Sometimes, I feel so nauseated after I smoke cigarettes."
3. The patient states, "I have never been able to stop smoking for more than two weeks at a time because the cravings get so bad."
4. An apical heart rate is 72 beats per minute.
5. A respiratory rate is 14 breaths per minute.
Correct Answer: 1, 2, 3
Nicotine use results the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine which produces vasoconstriction. Vasoconstriction will increase the patient's blood pressure. Patients who use nicotine will find that it promotes vomiting. Quitting smoking is thought to be more difficult because of dopamine release, which reinforces the craving for more. Due to the effects of the norepinephrine and epinephrine the patient's heart rate and respiratory rate would both be higher than the stated levels.
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