According to Piaget's cognitive theory of development, which nursing considerations are most appropriate when caring for a 6-year-old child? Select all that apply
1. Promote interaction with peers.
2. Offer explanations of assessments and procedures.
3. Provide consistency of caregiver; address stranger anxiety.
4. Provide clear and complete information, in both verbal and written form.
5. Provide opportunities to touch or play with medical equipment prior to assessments and procedures.
Answer: 2, 5
Explanation: According to Piaget, the 6-year-old child is in the preoperational stage of cognitive development. Children in this stage benefit from the nurse offering explanations of assessments and procedures and providing opportunities to touch or play with medical equipment prior to assessments and procedures. Promoting interaction with peers and providing information in both verbal and written form are interventions best used for children ages 11 and older, who are at the formal operational stage. Providing consistency of caregiver as well as addressing stranger anxiety are interventions best provided for children up to age two, who are in the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.
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