The social costs of the growth of the penal system have been borne most substantially by __________.

A. working-class families
B. suburban communities
C. upper-class families
D. minority communities


Answer: D

Criminal Justice

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Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)

Kantian theory is consistent with the ideas of due process, fair trials and rights for the accused.

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The race of the victim seems to impact sentencing more than the race of the defendant

a. True b. False

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In which year did the incarceration rate peak?

a. 1991 b. 1998 c. 2007 d. 2013

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The organizational structure of the Diamonds, the Puerto Rican street gang in Chicago studied by Felix Padilla, did NOT include:

a. drug dealers. b. mainheads. c. enforcers. d. thieves.

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