Which of the following is a disadvantage of dry heat methods such as using a Bunsen burner to incinerate microbes from an inoculating loop and the use of a hot air oven?
A. Bunsen burners and hot air ovens only reach a maximum of 100°C so they are not effective against endospores.
B. Bunsen burners take too long to sterilize and hot air ovens are hazardous for the operators.
C. Neither of these methods actually sterilize; they only kill vegetative cells.
D. Use of an open flame can be dangerous and hot air ovens take much longer to sterilize than autoclaves.
Answer: D
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