Explain how emphysema results in respiratory acidosis
What will be an ideal response?
Impairment of pulmonary ventilation causes an increase in PCO2 . In emphysema, there is dilatation, destruction, and coalescence of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles with the formation of large cystic spaces and loss of lung elasticity. Because the air can readily enter the lungs so that it can be expelled, the lungs become chronically overinflated. The amount of air that can be inspired is much reduced.
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A teenager expresses concern about how often he has to use the toilet during the evening. The nurse should asses the teen for:
1. Water consumption throughout the day. 2. Caffeine consumption after school. 3. Kidney function. 4. The number of bowel movements during the day.
The nurse must suction a child with a tracheostomy. Interventions should include:
a. encouraging child to cough to raise the secretions before suctioning. b. selecting a catheter with diameter three fourths as large as the diameter of the tracheostomy tube. c. ensuring each pass of the suction catheter should take no longer than 5 seconds. d. allowing child to rest after every five times the suction catheter is passed.
A patient has been administered an aminoglycoside. It is time for his next dose, and the nurse learns his creatinine level is elevated at 3.9 mg/dL. What action should the nurse take regarding this assessment?
A) Administer the medication and report the creatinine level. B) Hold the dose until another creatinine level is assessed. C) Administer the medication with 100 mL of fluids. D) Hold the medication and assess the urine output.