Which of the following is the primary parameter used to alter the breath size in pressure con-trolled?
a. Positive inspiratory pressure (PIP)—positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)
b. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
c. Tidal volume
d. Flow
ANS: A
Because tidal volume is not directly controlled, the pressure gradient (PIP − PEEP) is the primary parameter used to alter the breath size and hence carbon dioxide tensions.
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