Which of the following are causes of central neurogenic hyperventilation? 1. Head trauma 2. Inadequate brain blood flow 3. Severe brain hypoxia 4. Hypothermia
a. 2 and 3 only
b. 1 and 4 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3 only
ANS: D
Central neurogenic hyperventilation is characterized by persistent hyperventilation driven by ab-normal neural stimuli. It is related to midbrain and upper pons damage associated with head trauma, severe brain hypoxia, or lack of blood flow to the brain.
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