The nurse is caring for an 18-year-old female client with a urinary tract infection. Which of the following is a factor that most affects the pattern of urine elimination in this client?
A) Integrity of the client's spinal cord
B) Diminished capacity of the client's bladder
C) Degenerative changes in the client's cerebral cortex
D) Relaxation of the client's pelvic floor muscle tone
A
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Patterns of urinary elimination depend on the integrity of the spinal cord as well as physiologic, emotional, and social factors. Diminished bladder capacity, relaxation of pelvic floor muscle tone, and degenerative changes in the cerebral cortex are age-related changes that increase the risk of incontinence and lead to urinary urgency, respectively, in older adults.
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