The introduction of an unpleasant or painful stimulus or the removal of a desirable stimulus that decreases the probability that a preceding behavior will occur in the future is considered ________
a) classical conditioning
b) punishment
c) social-cognitive affecting
d) reinforcement
b
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Classical psychophysicists placed a great deal of emphasis on determining the absolute threshold for a particular type of sensory stimulation. This proved to be difficult because
a. the point at which an observer detects a stimulus varies from trial to trial. b. adequate technical equipment for measuring intensity was not available until recently. c. subjects must be carefully trained to make these judgments accurately. d. researchers used samples too small to give reliable results.
Typical reactions to acculturative stress include all of the following EXCEPT
a. hostility, alienation, and identity confusion. b. physical illness. c. anxiety and depression. d. delusions and depersonalization.
A ____________ is a quantity calculated from a ____________
a. Statistic; population b. Parameter; population c. Parameter; sample d. Datum; sample
In the majority of Western cultures today, many men and women make the same career choices and wear similar fashions. This is evidence that
a. differences in gender expectations for males and females are deeply entrenched. b. differences in gender expectations for males and females are somewhat blurred. c. family values are disintegrating. d. globalization is introducing non-Western ideas into Western culture.