How many federal judicial circuits are there?
a. 10
b. 11
c. 12
d. 13
d. 13
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In the early 1970s, the public started to turn against the level of correctional treatment for the inmate populace, and rehabilitation programs were seen as failures because:
A. Martinson concluded through his research that "nothing works in corrections." B. Wexler stated that she could not find one treatment program that reduced recidivism C. Crime was starting to increase which in turn rose doubts in many people's minds D. Riots and protests from the Vietnam War overshadowed the problems of correctional facilities and many people just wanted "justice." E. At this time, there was not enough evidence or studies released to the public stating that rehabilitation is possible
Which of the following is not a use of theory in social scientific thinking?
a. Theories supply frameworks within which concepts and variables acquire special significance b. Theories link studies together c. Theories can be improved through hypothesis testing d. Theories provide patterns for the interpretation of data
A collateral expense for correctional institutions and programs is:
A. the care of its staff. B. the care of its facilities. C. the care of its inmates/clients. D. the care of its administration.
The "Medical Model" of managing inmates stemmed from which Era?
a. The Industrial Era b. The Rehabilitative Era c. The Era of Transition d. The Reformatory Era