Explain why memory B cells are more efficient at responding to pathogens than are naive B cells
What will be an ideal response?
During germinal-center reactions, isotype switching, somatic hypermutation, and affinity maturation generate memory B cells with higher-affinity receptors than those of naive B cells. This feature enables memory B cells to bind to pathogen antigens at very early stages of infection when the pathogen population is very small. Memory B cells also differentiate into plasma cells more rapidly than do naive B cells. These two characteristics allow antibody production to occur much sooner than would be the case with naive B cells. Cognate interactions with CD4 TFH cells are also more efficient owing to elevated MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules on the surface of memory B cells compared with naive B cells.
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A. "I'm calling emergency personnel for you now." B. "What do the pills look like?" C. "Have the child drink a glass of milk." D. "What is the name of the pills?"
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A) Sweating B) Anabolism C) Pupil dilation D) Vasoconstriction
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A) post-term. B) post-conception. C) post-partum. D) afterbirth.
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A. renal blood flow is maintained at a normal rate until age of 40. B. other health problems can trigger the signs and symptoms of COPD. C. COPD is a result of the cumulative effects of smoking. D. pulmonary function tests are not administered on young people. E. people do not visit the doctor on a regular basis until they are elderly.