In a study of fourth graders, children who were either experts or novices in knowledge of soccer were given lists of soccer and nonsoccer items to learn. Experts remembered far more items on the soccer list (but not the nonsoccer list), indicating that ________.
A. children with good working memories will be more successful at memory tasks even if they lack background knowledge of the subject
B. highly knowledgeable children organize information in their area of expertise with little or no effort
C. having background knowledge about a subject requires the dedication of working memory capacity that cannot be used for other purposes
D. semantic memory capacity and information processing compete for the same resources
Answer: B
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A stimulus that is detected at only an unconscious level is called a(n) ____ stimulus.
A. absolute B. just noticeable C. detectable D. subliminal
In schizophrenia, behavioral excesses are to as behavioral deficits are to
a. psychotic disorder; thought disorder b. thought disorder; psychotic disorder c. disorganization; paranoia d. positive symptoms; negative symptoms e. negative symptoms; positive symptoms
Computerized tomography scans (CT scans) are used to:
a. monitor the overall electrical activity within the brain b. obtain actual pictures of the brain's anatomical structures c. obtain a pictorial blueprint of brain activity d. obtain detailed, three-dimensional images of the brain
Brain-imaging studies have found evidence that patients with schizophrenia have:
a. abnormally high levels of activity in the frontal areas of the brain b. abnormally high levels of activity in the temporal lobes of the brain c. abnormally low levels of activity in the frontal areas of the brain d. abnormally high levels of activity in the thalamus and hypothalamus