In thermodynamics, what does the term "free energy" refer to?
A.) energy that can be harnessed to do work or drive chemical reactions
B.) energy that cannot be harnessed to do work or drive chemical reactions
C.) energy required to initiate a chemical reaction
D.) excess energy from a reaction that a cell does not use
E.) energy that cells borrow from the environment
Ans: A.) energy that can be harnessed to do work or drive chemical reactions
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True or false: Oils are triacylglycerols with a high level of unsaturated fatty acids
A. true B. false
Which of the following is not an accurate description of events leading to the lysogenic pathway following viral infection in a bacterium?
A. Upon infection, the linear bacteriophage DNA forms a circle and transcription is initiated at promoters PL and PR. The transcripts from PR encode the proteins cro and cII. B. Reduction in the concentration of cI protein is the most important contributor to lysogeny. C. Reduced protease activity due to poor conditions allows cII to accumulate, which then stimulates transcription from PE and thus expression of cI. D. cI protein binds to operator OR , preventing cro and cII expression. E. cI protein stimulates transcription from promoter PM, leading to even more cI production. The increased cI binds to operator OL and inhibits PL.
Fertilization typically occurs in the ____
a. ovary b. oviduct c. uterus d. cervix e. vagina
Interleukin-1 stimulates ________________, which activate the remainder of the T and B cell immune system responses.
A. B cells B. T cells C. helper T cells D. natural killer cells