A nurse tells a patient, "I know how you feel. My spouse can be very insensitive too. I am also considering divorce." Analysis suggests that the nurse is
a. self-disclosing inappropriately.
b. experiencing countertransference.
c. using empathy to establish trust with the patient.
d. encouraging the patient to express negative feelings.
A
Brief self-disclosure is used to help the patient clarify specific issues, to feel less vulnerable, or to feel more "normal." When used appropriately, self-disclosure benefits the patient. When used inappropriately, it benefits the nurse. In this case, the self-disclosure burdens the patient with the nurse's problems. Empathy focuses on the patient. Countertransference would result in different behaviors. Encouraging expression of negative feelings would be more direct.
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