Define temperament. Describe the difficult child, according to Thomas and Chess
What will be an ideal response?
When we describe one person as cheerful and "upbeat," another as active and energetic, and still others as calm, cautious, persistent, or prone to angry outbursts, we are referring to temperament. Temperament is early-appearing, stable individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation. Reactivity refers to quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity. Self-regulation refers to strategies that modify that reactivity. The psychological traits that make up temperament are believed to form the cornerstone of the adult personality.
Researchers Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess developed a model of temperament that inspired all others that followed. Thomas and Chess identified the difficult child as irregular in daily routines, slow to accept new experiences, and tending to react negatively and intensely. Difficult children at high risk for adjustment problems—both anxious withdrawal and aggressive behavior in early and middle childhood.
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A. just world B. external C. noncommon D. internal
Comprehension in patients with Broca's aphasia is a. normal
b. impaired. c. about as good as in cases of Wernicke's aphasia. d. completely lacking.
When Trish was between 6 and 12 months old, her mother was diagnosed with major depression and was unable to care for Trish in a positive manner
Fortunately, Trish's mother received medical and psychological help, as well as consistent social support, starting when Trish was about two years of age. Research would suggest which of the following outcomes for Trish? A) Trish's lack of a secure attachment to her mother as an infant will lead her to develop a hostile and ambivalent temperament. B) Trish's lack of a secure attachment to her mother as an infant will lead her to have relationship problems throughout life. C) Trish will likely have difficulties with relationships as a child, but she will improve her own social skills as an adult. D) If Trish's mother continues to receive medical and social support, her improved parenting skills will benefit Trish's relational skills.
In which of the following would pheromones most likely be identified?
A. Sweaty feet B. Moldy cheese C. Rotting fruit D. Harsh solvent